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USDA · refreshed hourly

Hay Yield (tons / acre)

Annual hay yield, tons per acre. Every state, back to 1950.

All hay 20252.48 tons/acreNational (USDA NASS SURVEY)Most recent annual estimate
Alfalfa 20253.31 tons/acreNational (USDA NASS SURVEY)Most recent annual estimate
Grass hay 20252.21 tons/acreNational (USDA NASS SURVEY)Most recent annual estimate
National hay yield, last 30 years (tons/acre)2.102.342.59199620022008201320192025

By region (7 regions, mean of state values)

RegionStatesAll hay yieldAlfalfa yieldGrass yield
Pacific6/64.535.452.98
West2/23.354.052.20
Corn Belt8/82.883.562.20
Southeast11/122.402.762.39
Southern Plains3/32.323.332.00
Northeast12/122.032.431.93
Northern Plains4/42.022.251.70

By state (49 states, sorted by all-hay yield)

StateRegionAll hay10-yr trend5-yr avgvs 5-yrAlfalfaGrass
ArizonaPacific7.01Arizona 10-yr yield range: low 6.91, high 8.18, last 7.017.60-7.7%7.404.80
CaliforniaPacific5.40California 10-yr yield range: low 4.94, high 6.21, last 5.405.46-1.0%6.803.60
UtahWest3.91Utah 10-yr yield range: low 3.33, high 3.91, last 3.913.64+7.4%4.302.80
WashingtonPacific3.76Washington 10-yr yield range: low 3.63, high 4.28, last 3.763.94-4.6%5.002.40
NevadaPacific3.72Nevada 10-yr yield range: low 3.17, high 3.99, last 3.723.75-0.7%4.702.10
IowaCorn Belt3.65Iowa 10-yr yield range: low 2.92, high 3.65, last 3.653.19+14.4%4.202.30
OregonPacific3.65Oregon 10-yr yield range: low 2.74, high 3.65, last 3.653.02+20.7%4.702.80
IdahoPacific3.64Idaho 10-yr yield range: low 3.59, high 4.07, last 3.643.85-5.4%4.102.20
MinnesotaCorn Belt3.34Minnesota 10-yr yield range: low 2.11, high 3.34, last 3.342.58+29.6%3.752.75
IllinoisCorn Belt3.24Illinois 10-yr yield range: low 2.73, high 3.31, last 3.243.05+6.3%3.652.65
New MexicoSouthern Plains3.10New Mexico 10-yr yield range: low 3.10, high 4.00, last 3.103.58-13.4%4.202.20
WisconsinCorn Belt3.02Wisconsin 10-yr yield range: low 2.15, high 3.03, last 3.022.67+13.3%3.901.60
Ohio—2.95Ohio 10-yr yield range: low 2.32, high 3.03, last 2.952.66+10.7%3.502.60
DelawareNortheast2.90Delaware 10-yr yield range: low 2.21, high 3.20, last 2.902.55+13.6%3.502.60
GeorgiaSoutheast2.90Georgia 10-yr yield range: low 2.30, high 3.20, last 2.903.02-4.0%2.402.90
IndianaCorn Belt2.84Indiana 10-yr yield range: low 2.40, high 3.56, last 2.842.84+0.1%3.302.40
Michigan—2.82Michigan 10-yr yield range: low 2.24, high 2.82, last 2.822.45+15.2%3.102.10
ColoradoWest2.79Colorado 10-yr yield range: low 2.41, high 3.03, last 2.792.61+6.8%3.801.60
AlabamaSoutheast2.60Alabama 10-yr yield range: low 2.10, high 3.10, last 2.602.84-8.5%2.102.60
MarylandNortheast2.54Maryland 10-yr yield range: low 1.90, high 2.97, last 2.542.34+8.5%4.002.20
KansasCorn Belt2.53Kansas 10-yr yield range: low 1.80, high 2.78, last 2.532.02+25.1%3.602.25
South CarolinaSoutheast2.50South Carolina 10-yr yield range: low 2.10, high 2.70, last 2.502.42+3.3%—2.50
NebraskaCorn Belt2.42Nebraska 10-yr yield range: low 2.05, high 2.60, last 2.422.35+2.9%3.701.65
MississippiSoutheast2.40Mississippi 10-yr yield range: low 1.90, high 2.50, last 2.402.18+10.1%2.852.40
North CarolinaSoutheast2.40North Carolina 10-yr yield range: low 2.11, high 2.71, last 2.402.21+8.7%2.452.40
KentuckySoutheast2.33Kentucky 10-yr yield range: low 2.14, high 2.68, last 2.332.38-2.1%3.002.30
PennsylvaniaNortheast2.33Pennsylvania 10-yr yield range: low 2.30, high 2.76, last 2.332.63-11.3%3.202.10
VirginiaSoutheast2.33Virginia 10-yr yield range: low 2.03, high 2.39, last 2.332.18+6.9%3.202.30
ArkansasSoutheast2.30Arkansas 10-yr yield range: low 1.80, high 2.30, last 2.302.06+11.7%3.002.30
FloridaSoutheast2.30Florida 10-yr yield range: low 2.30, high 3.10, last 2.302.74-16.1%—2.30
LouisianaSoutheast2.20Louisiana 10-yr yield range: low 2.10, high 2.90, last 2.202.46-10.6%2.802.20
South DakotaNorthern Plains2.16South Dakota 10-yr yield range: low 1.29, high 2.16, last 2.161.74+24.1%2.401.85
TennesseeSoutheast2.11Tennessee 10-yr yield range: low 2.11, high 2.46, last 2.112.25-6.3%3.002.10
New JerseyNortheast2.10New Jersey 10-yr yield range: low 1.85, high 2.22, last 2.101.97+6.4%2.902.00
MissouriCorn Belt2.03Missouri 10-yr yield range: low 1.25, high 2.19, last 2.031.89+7.4%2.352.00
WyomingNorthern Plains2.03Wyoming 10-yr yield range: low 2.03, high 2.50, last 2.032.26-10.2%2.501.50
MontanaNorthern Plains1.99Montana 10-yr yield range: low 1.57, high 2.08, last 1.991.86+7.1%2.201.60
OklahomaSouthern Plains1.98Oklahoma 10-yr yield range: low 1.31, high 1.98, last 1.981.69+16.9%2.401.95
MassachusettsNortheast1.92Massachusetts 10-yr yield range: low 1.45, high 2.25, last 1.921.73+11.0%2.101.90
ConnecticutNortheast1.91Connecticut 10-yr yield range: low 1.72, high 2.34, last 1.911.91-0.0%2.001.90
New YorkNortheast1.89New York 10-yr yield range: low 1.52, high 2.28, last 1.891.89+0.2%2.301.80
North DakotaNorthern Plains1.88North Dakota 10-yr yield range: low 1.03, high 1.88, last 1.881.56+20.4%1.901.85
TexasSouthern Plains1.88Texas 10-yr yield range: low 1.56, high 2.53, last 1.881.94-3.1%3.401.85
VermontNortheast1.86Vermont 10-yr yield range: low 1.73, high 2.22, last 1.861.92-3.3%1.401.90
MaineNortheast1.83Maine 10-yr yield range: low 1.76, high 2.15, last 1.831.87-2.3%2.201.80
New HampshireNortheast1.72New Hampshire 10-yr yield range: low 1.48, high 1.98, last 1.721.68+2.4%1.201.80
West VirginiaNortheast1.71West Virginia 10-yr yield range: low 1.52, high 1.92, last 1.711.76-2.8%2.201.70
Rhode IslandNortheast1.67Rhode Island 10-yr yield range: low 1.29, high 2.17, last 1.671.80-7.0%2.201.50
Alaska—1.35Alaska 10-yr yield range: low 1.00, high 1.40, last 1.351.22+10.7%—1.35

National annual time series (last 30 years)

YearAll hay (tons/acre)
20252.48
20242.48
20232.25
20222.29
20212.38
20202.43
20192.47
20182.34
20172.43
20162.52
20152.47
20142.45
20132.33
20122.14
20112.35
20102.43
20092.47
20082.43
20072.41
20062.32
20052.44
20042.55
20032.48
20022.34
20012.46
20002.54
19992.53
19982.52
19972.50
19962.45

USDA NASS SURVEY. Region mapping: see coverage.