/
USDA · refreshed hourly

Hay Stocks (On-Farm)

On-farm hay stocks. 49 states, 1950 to now. NASS reports twice a year: May 1 (post feed-out) and December 1 (post harvest).

National May 1 202524.09M tons+14.7% vs prior year · +34.8% vs 5-yr medianSource: USDA NASS Crop Production / Stocks
National Dec 1 202581.67M tons+0.2% vs prior year · +3.7% vs 5-yr medianSource: USDA NASS Crop Production / Stocks
Data coverage49 states · 1950-presentOn-farm stocks only (excludes commercial elevators). Each state's value links to its full hay market view.Full coverage map →
National on-farm hay stocks, last 30 years (tons)4M64M125M199620022008201320192025May 1Dec 1

Per-state May 1 2025 stocks (49 states)

StateMay 1 202510-yr trendYoYvs 5-yr medianPrior year5-yr median
Texas3.00MTexas May 1 10-yr range: low 940K, high 3.3M, last 3.0M+100.0%+100.0%1.50M1.50M
South Dakota2.24MSouth Dakota May 1 10-yr range: low 1.1M, high 2.3M, last 2.2M+17.9%+17.9%1.90M1.90M
Nebraska1.75MNebraska May 1 10-yr range: low 530K, high 1.8M, last 1.8M+84.2%+75.0%950K1.00M
Missouri1.50MMissouri May 1 10-yr range: low 480K, high 1.6M, last 1.5M+85.2%+50.0%810K1.00M
Montana1.44MMontana May 1 10-yr range: low 450K, high 1.6M, last 1.4M-9.4%+48.5%1.59M970K
Oklahoma1.20MOklahoma May 1 10-yr range: low 400K, high 1.8M, last 1.2M-33.3%+4.3%1.80M1.15M
North Dakota1.13MNorth Dakota May 1 10-yr range: low 520K, high 1.4M, last 1.1M-19.3%+18.9%1.40M950K
Wisconsin1.04MWisconsin May 1 10-yr range: low 310K, high 1.0M, last 1.0M+166.7%+85.7%390K560K
Minnesota960KMinnesota May 1 10-yr range: low 280K, high 960K, last 960K+146.2%+146.2%390K390K
Kansas900KKansas May 1 10-yr range: low 630K, high 1.4M, last 900K-28.0%+1.1%1.25M890K
Kentucky800KKentucky May 1 10-yr range: low 500K, high 1.1M, last 800K+31.1%+27.0%610K630K
Iowa750KIowa May 1 10-yr range: low 345K, high 750K, last 750K+64.8%+64.8%455K455K
Colorado650KColorado May 1 10-yr range: low 170K, high 800K, last 650K-18.8%+58.5%800K410K
Utah630KUtah May 1 10-yr range: low 170K, high 630K, last 630K+1.6%+110.0%620K300K
New York550KNew York May 1 10-yr range: low 189K, high 550K, last 550K+71.9%+57.1%320K350K
Idaho440KIdaho May 1 10-yr range: low 400K, high 950K, last 440K-40.5%-10.2%740K490K
Tennessee430KTennessee May 1 10-yr range: low 400K, high 570K, last 430K+4.9%+1.2%410K425K
Wyoming390KWyoming May 1 10-yr range: low 190K, high 525K, last 390K-24.3%+20.0%515K325K
Pennsylvania355KPennsylvania May 1 10-yr range: low 275K, high 520K, last 355K+16.4%+4.4%305K340K
California350KCalifornia May 1 10-yr range: low 150K, high 420K, last 350K+55.6%+25.0%225K280K
Arkansas330KArkansas May 1 10-yr range: low 190K, high 640K, last 330K+26.9%+26.9%260K260K
Michigan320KMichigan May 1 10-yr range: low 180K, high 440K, last 320K+10.3%+39.1%290K230K
Illinois290KIllinois May 1 10-yr range: low 140K, high 300K, last 290K+28.9%+20.8%225K240K
Virginia280KVirginia May 1 10-yr range: low 250K, high 540K, last 280K-31.7%-12.5%410K320K
Oregon260KOregon May 1 10-yr range: low 170K, high 440K, last 260K-35.0%-10.3%400K290K
Washington220KWashington May 1 10-yr range: low 160K, high 400K, last 220K-38.9%0.0%360K220K
Alabama210KAlabama May 1 10-yr range: low 120K, high 300K, last 210K+55.6%+31.3%135K160K
Georgia190KGeorgia May 1 10-yr range: low 120K, high 290K, last 190K-17.4%0.0%230K190K
Mississippi180KMississippi May 1 10-yr range: low 100K, high 180K, last 180K+63.6%+38.5%110K130K
North Carolina175KNorth Carolina May 1 10-yr range: low 125K, high 260K, last 175K-2.8%-2.8%180K180K
Indiana170KIndiana May 1 10-yr range: low 100K, high 310K, last 170K-10.5%-10.5%190K190K
Nevada160KNevada May 1 10-yr range: low 52K, high 220K, last 160K0.0%+77.8%160K90K
Ohio160KOhio May 1 10-yr range: low 160K, high 410K, last 160K-46.7%-46.7%300K300K
Louisiana140KLouisiana May 1 10-yr range: low 55K, high 210K, last 140K+64.7%+16.7%85K120K
South Carolina90KSouth Carolina May 1 10-yr range: low 70K, high 125K, last 90K-10.0%+12.5%100K80K
West Virginia85KWest Virginia May 1 10-yr range: low 75K, high 190K, last 85K-54.1%-41.4%185K145K
Florida65KFlorida May 1 10-yr range: low 30K, high 80K, last 65K-18.8%-13.3%80K75K
Maryland65KMaryland May 1 10-yr range: low 49K, high 100K, last 65K-3.0%+8.3%67K60K
New Mexico50KNew Mexico May 1 10-yr range: low 30K, high 115K, last 50K-54.5%+25.0%110K40K
Maine38KMaine May 1 10-yr range: low 21K, high 38K, last 38K+35.7%+31.0%28K29K
Vermont35KVermont May 1 10-yr range: low 32K, high 48K, last 35K-5.4%0.0%37K35K
Arizona30KArizona May 1 10-yr range: low 20K, high 55K, last 30K-40.0%+50.0%50K20K
Massachusetts12KMassachusetts May 1 10-yr range: low 8K, high 16K, last 12K+33.3%+33.3%9K9K
New Jersey11KNew Jersey May 1 10-yr range: low 10K, high 29K, last 11K-8.3%-21.4%12K14K
New Hampshire9KNew Hampshire May 1 10-yr range: low 5K, high 9K, last 9K+28.6%+50.0%7K6K
Connecticut8KConnecticut May 1 10-yr range: low 4K, high 12K, last 8K+14.3%+14.3%7K7K
Delaware2KDelaware May 1 10-yr range: low 2K, high 4K, last 2K0.0%0.0%2K2K
Rhode Island1KRhode Island May 1 10-yr range: low 1K, high 1K, last 1K0.0%0.0%1K1K
OT0—————

National annual time series

Last 30 years. State values summed.

YearMay 1 tonsMay 1 YoYDec 1 tonsDec 1 YoY
202524.09M+14.7%81.67M+0.2%
202421.01M+46.6%81.53M+6.3%
202314.33M-14.6%76.72M+6.9%
202216.78M-6.1%71.76M-8.9%
202117.87M-11.8%78.75M-5.9%
202020.26M+36.4%83.64M-0.9%
201914.86M-3.2%84.36M+6.9%
201815.35M-37.1%78.91M-6.5%
201724.40M-3.0%84.42M-12.0%
201625.16M+2.5%95.92M+1.0%
201524.54M+27.9%94.93M+3.0%
201419.19M+35.5%92.17M+3.1%
201314.16M-33.8%89.39M+18.9%
201221.38M-3.8%75.17M-16.2%
201122.22M+6.1%89.72M-11.7%
201020.93M-5.1%101.67M-5.2%
200922.07M+2.2%107.22M+3.4%
200821.59M+44.0%103.66M-0.4%
200714.99M-29.8%104.09M+8.0%
200621.34M-23.1%96.40M-8.3%
200527.76M+7.0%105.18M-8.1%
200425.95M+17.9%114.49M+3.1%
200322.01M-2.0%111.01M+7.8%
200222.46M+5.7%102.98M-6.7%
200121.25M-26.3%110.38M+3.7%
200028.85M+17.0%106.41M-2.5%
199924.66M+13.0%109.11M-2.4%
199821.83M+25.3%111.81M+8.5%
199717.42M-16.0%103.04M-2.0%
199620.74M—105.18M—

Largest YoY changes (national)

Biggest YoY moves. May 1 and Dec 1 ranked together.

Top 15 drops

YearDateTonsYoY
2018May 115.35M-37.1%
1989May 117.51M-35.3%
2013May 114.16M-33.8%
1960May 117.10M-33.1%
2007May 114.99M-29.8%
1984May 120.14M-28.4%
1975May 118.50M-27.0%
2001May 121.25M-26.3%
1993May 121.10M-25.2%
1988Dec 190.31M-23.8%
1981May 125.37M-23.6%
1977May 119.54M-23.5%
2006May 121.34M-23.1%
1962May 118.02M-22.4%
1965May 116.57M-16.4%

Top 15 gains

YearDateTonsYoY
1990May 126.99M+54.2%
1958May 126.20M+49.2%
2024May 121.01M+46.6%
2008May 121.59M+44.0%
1976May 125.54M+38.0%
1966May 122.72M+37.1%
2020May 120.26M+36.4%
1961May 123.24M+35.9%
2014May 119.19M+35.5%
1985May 126.83M+33.2%
1963May 123.11M+28.3%
2015May 124.54M+27.9%
1998May 121.83M+25.3%
1979May 130.11M+24.5%
1978May 124.18M+23.8%

Source & methodology

USDA NASS Quick Stats, SURVEY only. Census of Ag excluded for time-series consistency. May 1 publishes early May, December 1 publishes early January. National totals are summed; state values come straight from NASS.

Analytical workups (correlations, regression, lag structure) live at methodology.

Related USDA fundamentals: Production, Yield, Acres, Condition, States.